Described as a "national tragedy" by prime minister Nawaz Sharif, the Pakistani Taliban's massacre at a Peshawar school is the group's latest brutal attack.
The organisation said the killings at the military-run school were "revenge" for a widespread military operation in the North Waziristan tribal area earlier this year.
The group, called Tehreek-e Taliban Pakistan (TTP), was formed in 2007, in the aftermath of the siege of the Red Mosque in Islamabad.
The group's first leader Baitullah Mehsud was killed in a US missile attack in August 2009.
TTP is an umbrella for militant groups, united in fighting the Pakistani military.
It aims to impose a strict interpretation of the Koran throughout the country.
Here are just some of the attacks they have been linked to in recent years:
:: Benazir Bhutto Assassination 2007
Pakistan's government accused TTP of involvement in the assassination of the former prime minister in December 2007, although the group denies it.
:: Marriott Hotel Bombing 2008
A Taliban-linked group claimed responsibility for the September 2008 truck bomb attack on the Marriott Hotel in Islamabad, which killed 53 people.
:: Times Square Plot 2010
Baitullah Mehsud was succeeded by Hakimullah Mehsud, who pledged to use suicide bombers in the US. He was behind the failed truck bomb attack in New York's Times Square in May 2010.
The US Department of State formally declared the group a terrorist organisation in September 2010, with the UK and Canada following suit in 2011.
:: Malala Yousafzai Shooting 2012
In October 2012 the Taliban shot the schoolgirl in the head outside her school in Swat Valley for daring to speak about girls' rights.
She survived, and went on the win the Nobel Peace Prize.
:: Karachi Airport Attack 2014
After peace talks with the Pakistan government in June 2014 failed, the Taliban attacked Karachi Airport, killing 26 people.
A week later the Pakistan military began a major military offensive, Operation Zarb e Azb in the Waziristan region, which has seen hundreds of militants killed.
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